Fibrocartilagenous Embolism (FCE) in dogs
A fibrocartilaginous embolism (or FCE for short) is a blockage in a blood vessel in the spinal cord. FCE in dogs is often referred to as a spinal cord stroke. The vertebral column is made up of small bones called vertebrae that are joined together by
intervertebral discs.
A fibrocartilaginous embolism occurs when a fragment of the intervertebral disc escapes into the blood vessel of the spinal cord and causes an obstruction. This area of the spinal cord then dies.
Unfortunately, the damage that occurs within the first 24 hours is usually considered permanent for dogs with FCE. The good news is the condition isn’t progressive and any pain that’s involved with that particular condition usually resolves within 12 to 24 hours.
With immediate treatment, primarily involving very intensive physical therapy, most dogs with FCE experience a significant recovery.
FCE in dogs typically results from an injury to the spinal cord often caused by jumping or landing awkwardly. Sometimes vigorous exercise can do it. Fighting, really rough play, or any sort of accidental trauma can all lead to an FCE.
intervertebral discs.
A fibrocartilaginous embolism occurs when a fragment of the intervertebral disc escapes into the blood vessel of the spinal cord and causes an obstruction. This area of the spinal cord then dies.
Unfortunately, the damage that occurs within the first 24 hours is usually considered permanent for dogs with FCE. The good news is the condition isn’t progressive and any pain that’s involved with that particular condition usually resolves within 12 to 24 hours.
With immediate treatment, primarily involving very intensive physical therapy, most dogs with FCE experience a significant recovery.
FCE in dogs typically results from an injury to the spinal cord often caused by jumping or landing awkwardly. Sometimes vigorous exercise can do it. Fighting, really rough play, or any sort of accidental trauma can all lead to an FCE.
Symptoms and diagnosis
Symptoms of FCE in dogs can include:
There is no test currently available to absolutely confirm a diagnosis of FCE in dogs. Your vet will first try to rule out other causes of sudden acute back pain and mobility problems.
Other conditions that may be confused for FCR include intervertebral disc disease, a spinal fracture, or a spinal tumor, all of which can cause considerable pain.
If your pet is no longer in pain, that in itself can be indicative of an FCE. The vet may also take a sample of cerebrospinal fluid and a sample of blood from the vessels inside the spinal cord. That can indicate the presence of some fragments of fibrocartilage that can be present. The best imaging technique for a fibrocartilaginous embolism is the MRI, because it can distinguish between an obstruction (which is an embolism) and a compression or swelling of the spinal cord.
- sudden to severe pain that makes your dog cry or yelp
- lessening pain after a few minutes or several hours
- signs of weakness, partial to full paralysis of a rear limb, wobbly or an uncoordinated gait
- lack of a pain response after initial signs of pain, yet your dog still can’t use their body normally.
There is no test currently available to absolutely confirm a diagnosis of FCE in dogs. Your vet will first try to rule out other causes of sudden acute back pain and mobility problems.
Other conditions that may be confused for FCR include intervertebral disc disease, a spinal fracture, or a spinal tumor, all of which can cause considerable pain.
If your pet is no longer in pain, that in itself can be indicative of an FCE. The vet may also take a sample of cerebrospinal fluid and a sample of blood from the vessels inside the spinal cord. That can indicate the presence of some fragments of fibrocartilage that can be present. The best imaging technique for a fibrocartilaginous embolism is the MRI, because it can distinguish between an obstruction (which is an embolism) and a compression or swelling of the spinal cord.
Treatment and prognosis
The most common recommended treatment for FCE in dogs is to begin immediate physical therapy.
Studies shows that physiotherapy instituted immediately after diagnosis can have a major influence on recovery. This should include hydrotherapy (which is walking on an underwater treadmill), as well as acupuncture, laser therapy, neuromuscular electrical stimulation, range of motion exercises, massage, and supplements.
Studies shows that physiotherapy instituted immediately after diagnosis can have a major influence on recovery. This should include hydrotherapy (which is walking on an underwater treadmill), as well as acupuncture, laser therapy, neuromuscular electrical stimulation, range of motion exercises, massage, and supplements.
The long term prognosis for returning to walking is good in most cases. Most dogs with FCE tend to show a slow but steady improvement in the ability to walk over the first 2-6 weeks. Not every dog will improve and that is partly due to the severity of the initial injury.
The chances of having a second FCE in the future are slim.
The chances of having a second FCE in the future are slim.
Further resources
There are many great products that can help dogs with FCE either temporarily while they recover or longer term if a full recovery is not made.
- Interviews - We have interviewed a number of people who have been through FCE. Learn more about their experiences here.
- Harnesses - In most cases dogs with FCE need regular physical therapy to regain lost motor function. A good harness is critical to support your dog during this period.
- Wheelchair - Typically a dog wheelchair is a last resort when physical therapy has failed and longer term mobility support is needed. See our guide to the top five dog wheelchair brands and our free buying guide.